What type of refrigeration system is likely to leak refrigerant into occupied spaces?

Direct refrigeration systems are designed to circulate refrigerant directly through the occupied space, which makes them more susceptible to leaks that can affect indoor air quality and potentially expose occupants to refrigerant. In these systems, if there is a breach in the refrigerant line or a failure in the components, the refrigerant can escape directly into the area being cooled.

In contrast, indirect systems utilize a secondary fluid that absorbs heat from the occupied space, reducing the risk of refrigerant leaks entering these areas. Heat pump systems can function as either direct or indirect systems, depending on their design and application, and closed loop systems are typically designed to contain the refrigerant within a sealed loop, minimizing the chances of leaks into the occupied environment. Therefore, direct systems pose a greater risk of refrigerant leaks in spaces where people are present.